Ben Reed daab901e35 refactor: Update naming convention from hvacknowitall to hkia

Major Changes:
- Updated all code references from hvacknowitall/hvacnkowitall to hkia
- Renamed all existing markdown files to use hkia_ prefix
- Updated configuration files, scrapers, and production scripts
- Modified systemd service descriptions to use HKIA
- Changed NAS sync path to /mnt/nas/hkia

Files Updated:
- 20+ source files updated with new naming convention
- 34 markdown files renamed to hkia_* format
- All ScraperConfig brand_name parameters now use 'hkia'
- Documentation updated to reflect new naming

Rationale:
- Shorter, cleaner filenames
- Consistent branding across all outputs
- Easier to type and reference
- Maintains same functionality with improved naming

Next Steps:
- Deploy updated services to production
- Update any external references to old naming
- Monitor scrapers to ensure proper operation

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

2025-08-19 13:35:23 -03:00

70 KiB

Raw Blame History

ID: b2d24e152c

Title: Heating Maintenance in September? Damn Right. Here's Why.

Type: email_campaign

Send Date: 2025-08-07T23:06:46+00:00

From: HVAC Know It All

Reply To: gary@hvacknowitall.com

Archive URL: https://mailchi.mp/62b168acb234/heating-maintenance-in-september-damn-right-heres-why

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Read our two new guides to flattening your winter workload and boosting profits with strategic timing.

Content:

VIEW THIS EMAIL IN BROWSER (|ARCHIVE|) https://hvacknowitall.com/

7 August, 2025

I know what you're thinking - "Is this guy seriously talking about heating maintenance while I'm still sweating through AC calls?"

Yes, I am.

And here's why: every winter, I talk to technicians who are completely overwhelmed with no-heat calls, working 80-hour weeks in January while battling parts shortages and angry customers.

During my years running maintenance calls, I discovered that shifting just a portion of heating checks to September created a buffer against the October rush, revealed problems while parts were still available, and gave me back control of my schedule.

This week’s blog articles provide the complete blueprint for implementing the September strategy, whether you're a tech in the field or managing a business.

-Gary

NOT ALL COIL CLEANERS ARE MADE THE SAME https://www.refrigtech.com/venom-pack-condenser/

Refrigeration Technologies Condenser Cleaner is micro channel safe as it is not acidic, it measures between 8 to 10 on the PH scale making it an alkaline mixture.

Tap water is corrosive to aluminum, that's why John Pastorello has added an inhibitor to prevent corrosion after the coil is rinsed. https://youtu.be/0WJOsbgYoUs Learn More (https://www.refrigtech.com/venom-pack-condenser/)

** 🎯 FEATURED: THE SEPTEMBER SWEET SPOT

When we're in the thick of cooling season - like right now - it's almost impossible to imagine the heating emergencies waiting for us in a few months.

This cognitive disconnect costs our industry millions in inefficiency and burnout. While we're scrambling with no-cool calls, furnaces across North America sit dormant, developing issues that will reveal themselves when temperatures plummet.

The September maintenance window is an overlooked strategic advantage in HVAC. One contractor who implemented this approach reported a 37% reduction in emergency heating calls by simply shifting maintenance from October/November to September.

For technicians working no-cool calls right now, planning beyond tomorrow might seem impossible, but that's exactly why this blueprint is so valuable.

70-90% of home heating systems have at least one energy-wasting fault by fall, yet most homeowners wait until January failures before calling. This creates the perfect storm of overwhelmed technicians facing 6+ month parts backlogs for critical components.

The technical portion of the problem is fairly straightforward: dirty burners that accumulate dust during summer dormancy (reducing efficiency by 15-20%), hot surface igniters with predictable 3-5 year failure rates, and most critically, heat exchangers that could develop cracks posing serious safety concerns.

Finding these issues in September means a $30 part and quick repair; finding them in December means emergency rates and expedited shipping costs—if parts are available at all.

But to hit the September Sweet Spot, you need to make some changes to how you do your work - starting today. A little planning will go a long way, and we’ve written you a two guides on how to get apply this approach to both residential and commercial HVAC work.

Whether you're looking to add $55,000 in additional gross profit (as one BDR-coached contractor did (https://www.bdrco.com/blog/hvac-maintenance-scheduling/) ) or simply want to avoid explaining to freezing customers why their furnace won't be fixed for weeks, September maintenance can make or break your winter service schedule. https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/the-september-sweet-residential-spot-hvac-maintenance September Sweet Spot - Residential (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/the-september-sweet-residential-spot-hvac-maintenance) https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/the-september-sweet-spot-commercial-hvac-maintenance September Sweet Spot - Commercial (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/the-september-sweet-spot-commercial-hvac-maintenance)

HIT THE SWEET SPOT WITH A SAUERMANN ANALYZER https://sauermanngroup.com/en-INT/combustion-analyzers-si-ca-030-130-230

Sauermann's Si-CA combustion analyzers (030/130/230) identify the critical issues your September maintenance strategy needs:

Detect cracked heat exchangers before winter emergencies
Verify combustion efficiency to prevent customer callbacks
Document CO safety levels with professional reports

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Of0wbKJUGLA

The difference between a compliment and a callback (or worse - a carbon monoxide leak (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/carbon-monoxide-the-silent-killer-every-tech-should-know-how-to-handle) ) is often the right tool at the right time.

Use code "KNOWITALL" for 6% off at TruTech Tools. Buy Now (https://trutechtools.com/shop/?tab=products&search_query=sauermann#/productsFilter:brand:Sauermann/productsFilter:categories_hierarchy:All$2520Categories$253EHeating)

** ✅ SEPTEMBER HEATING MAINTENANCE CHECKLIST

✓ PLANNING & SCHEDULING (ALL SYSTEMS)

Review customer database and identify priority heating customers (elderly, medical needs, past winter issues)
Create September-specific route optimization to batch appointments by neighborhood/area
Prepare customer communication templates explaining the "September advantage"
Allocate 10-15 minutes extra per appointment compared to mid-season maintenance
Schedule regular inventory checks for critical heating components (ignitors, limit switches, thermocouples)

✓ TECHNICIAN PREPARATION (ALL SYSTEMS)

Update combustion analyzer calibration before heating season begins
Prepare educational materials showing common September-discovered issues
Review manufacturer bulletins for equipment-specific winter preparation
Stock truck with fall-specific tools: camera scopes, CO detectors, filter inventory
Develop clear documentation system for "watch list" components that may fail mid-winter

✓ RESIDENTIAL TECHNICAL CHECKS

Inspect heat exchanger for hairline cracks using camera scope and leak detection
Test ignition system components (hot surface ignitors, spark ignitors, flame sensors)
Check gas pressure and adjust to manufacturer specifications
Verify proper venting system operation and inspect for blockages/damage
Test safety controls including high limit, rollout, and pressure switches

✓ RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMER COMMUNICATION

Explain the economic impact of September vs. December maintenance timing
Demonstrate current parts availability compared to typical winter backlogs
Schedule thermostat programming session to optimize both fall and winter settings
Present maintenance agreement options that lock in preferred scheduling
Document and photograph potential issues for customer reference

✓ COMMERCIAL TECHNICAL PROCEDURES

Perform combustion analysis on all heating equipment (O₂, CO, CO₂, efficiency)
Test economizer operation and transition from cooling to heating modes
Inspect boiler systems for summer corrosion and proper water treatment
Verify BMS/controls seasonal changeover settings and sequences
Test multi-stage heating operation through all capacity steps

✓ COMMERCIAL CUSTOMER MANAGEMENT

Review equipment lifecycle position and present capital planning options
Schedule building staff training on seasonal transition procedures
Document critical spare parts inventory and reorder recommendations
Present energy consumption projections based on maintenance findings
Develop winter emergency response protocol with prioritization criteria

Newsletter produced by Teal Maker (https://tealmaker.com/)

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ID: 00ffe573c4

Title: Untitled

Type: email_campaign

Send Date: 2025-07-24T21:30:00+00:00

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Ever wondered why some heat pump systems are more reliable than others? The secret might be in the metering device selection and installation.

ID: 27e466a33a

Title: Untitled

Type: email_campaign

Send Date: 2025-07-10T21:58:17+00:00

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A simpler approach that prevents costly equipment oversizing...

ID: 229bff4b03

Title: Untitled

Type: email_campaign

Send Date: 2025-06-19T13:00:02+00:00

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Boost your heat pump knowledge, troubleshoot like a pro, and enter for your chance to win a Testo 558s before June 30th...

ID: d9925f0268

Title: 💻 BMS Fundamentals: The Missing Manual for HVAC Technicians

Type: email_campaign

Send Date: 2025-06-05T19:45:00+00:00

From: HVAC Know It All

Reply To: gary@hvacknowitall.com

Archive URL: https://us10.campaign-archive.com/?u=d1a98c3e62003104038942e21&id=d9925f0268

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Transform how you approach commercial building service with these BMS fundamentals...

Content:

VIEW THIS EMAIL IN BROWSER (|ARCHIVE|) https://hvacknowitall.com/

5 June, 2025

The line between "HVAC technician" and "controls specialist" is becoming increasingly thin in today's commercial buildings. Modern systems demand professionals who understand both domains.

When a VAV box isn't maintaining temperature, is it a mechanical issue with the damper, or a digital issue with the controller? Without knowledge of both aspects, your troubleshooting will always be incomplete.

Understanding BMS technology doesn't diminish the importance of mechanical expertise - it enhances it. When you can verify that a digital command is being sent correctly AND confirm that the mechanical equipment is responding properly, you become uniquely valuable.

You solve problems that others can't even properly diagnose. This combination of skills doesn't just improve your troubleshooting - it could change your career trajectory in the HVAC industry.

-Gary

P.S. Don't miss the opportunity to compete in the ServiceTitan HVAC National Championship Powered by Trane. Take the quiz before June 30th! https://poweredbyintersport.outgrow.us/Copy-of-etcs-hvac-2024-2

** 🏢 FEATURED: BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

The gap between traditional HVAC service and building automation expertise isn't as wide as it first appears. Your existing knowledge of mechanical systems provides the perfect context for understanding what BMS platforms are designed to control. The key difference lies in how you interact with these systems.

Traditional HVAC technicians spend their days directly manipulating equipment. They adjust TXVs, replace contactors, and clean coils. BMS specialists influence this same equipment indirectly through programming and configuration changes. Both professionals aim to achieve the same comfort and efficiency goals through different approaches. https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/refrigeration-ac-condensers-the-critical-heat-dissipaters-in-hvac-systems

The feedback loop changes dramatically in BMS work. Physical systems provide immediate sensory feedback—temperatures change, pressures adjust, equipment starts or stops. Digital systems require methodical data collection over time to confirm proper operation. This shift from immediate to delayed feedback requires a new type of patience.

Sensor technology forms the foundation of effective building automation. Temperature, pressure, humidity, and flow devices provide the data inputs that drive all system decisions. Understanding sensor accuracy, calibration, and placement becomes as important as understanding refrigerant pressures in traditional work. https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/refrigeration-ac-condensers-the-critical-heat-dissipaters-in-hvac-systems

Network architecture determines how effectively your BMS can communicate. The carefully designed hierarchy of supervisory devices, field controllers, and end devices enables smooth information flow throughout the building. This layered approach creates resilience while maintaining manageable complexity.

Schedules and setpoints replace manual operation in automated buildings. The ability to create sophisticated operating schedules based on occupancy, weather, and utility rates transforms building operation. This scheduling power eliminates the energy waste inherent in manually controlled systems. https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/bms-basics-hvac-technician-guide

Alarm management represents a significant advantage of BMS-controlled facilities. Properly configured alarm systems detect and report issues before they impact comfort or equipment life. This early warning capability shifts maintenance from reactive to proactive, reducing emergency service calls dramatically.

Remote connectivity has revolutionized how buildings receive support. Many issues that once required on-site visits can now be diagnosed and often resolved remotely. This capability extends your reach as a technician and transforms the traditional service model into something more efficient and responsive. Introduction to BMS Series (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/bms-basics-hvac-technician-guide)

** ✅ THE ULTIMATE BMS TROUBLESHOOTING TOOLKIT

Pre-Site Preparation:

Download building-specific BMS documentation to your tablet/laptop
Verify you have proper login credentials and network access
Pack network tools (eg Ethernet cable, Wi-Fi analyzer, cable tester)
Review recent alarm history (if remotely accessible)
Confirm which BMS version/brand you'll be working with

First Response Checklist:

Check workstation/server status indicators
Verify network connectivity at all controller levels
Sort alarm logs by frequency to identify recurring issues
Take screenshots of relevant graphic pages for documentation
Test operator workstation response time for latency issues

Sensor and Control Point Verification:

Compare BMS temperature readings with calibrated test equipment
Verify analog input values are within expected ranges
Check that output commands are reaching field devices
Test manual override functions to confirm control capability
Inspect for physical damage to field controllers and devices

Common BMS Failure Points:

Controller power supply issues (check LED indicators)
Communication failures between network layers
Sensor drift requiring calibration
Software/firmware version conflicts
Time synchronization errors affecting scheduling

Documentation Best Practices:

Record all findings in both BMS event log and maintenance system
Take photos of unusual field conditions or wiring issues
Create trend logs for problematic points (min. 24-hour duration)
Update sequence documentation if operational changes were made
Share knowledge with facility staff through basic training

VIPER CONDENSER CLEANER: WHERE MECHANICAL MEETS CHEMICAL (NOT DIGITAL)

Your building management system can control dampers, adjust setpoints, and trend energy usage—but it still needs you to handle the coil cleaning. For that, there's Refrigeration Technologies Viper Condenser Cleaner.

https://www.refrigtech.com/venom-pack-condenser/

Unlike your BMS protocols, not all coil cleaners communicate well with aluminum. Viper's alkaline formula (8-10 pH) is micro-channel safe and includes John Pastorello's special inhibitors to prevent the corrosion that ordinary tap water causes. Because while we're embracing the digital revolution in HVAC, clean coils remain the analog foundation of efficient operation. Learn More (https://www.refrigtech.com/venom-pack-condenser/)

📝 REMINDER: HVAC KNOW IT ALL CHALLENGE

We don’t have a new quiz this week, but be sure to review all of the live quizzes posted to the HVAC Know It All website.

Hint: Check your inbox for newsletters from HVAC Know It All - each newsletter has hints which help you complete the quizes. Look for the 💡 emoji in those emails to answer the questions! https://survey.tealmaker.com/zs/E7DASw

We're excited to offer the cutting-edge Testo 558s Smart Digital Manifold to this quarter's winner!

This professional-grade tool features Bluetooth connectivity, automatic superheat/subcooling calculations, and a rugged design perfect for modern technicians. With digital precision and smartphone integration, this manifold will revolutionize your refrigeration service work. Take S2E3 Quiz (https://survey.tealmaker.com/zs/E7DASw)

Your Season 1 Score: |S1SCORE| Visit The Leaderboard (https://hvacknowitall.com/the-know-it-all-challenge)

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ID: 4beefb7beb

Title: From Air-Cooled to Evaporative: Mastering All Condenser Types

Type: email_campaign

Send Date: 2025-05-22T17:57:14+00:00

From: HVAC Know It All

Reply To: gary@hvacknowitall.com

Archive URL: https://mailchi.mp/bc80af2042a7/moisture-matters-your-guide-to-driers-sight-glasses-13874242

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Emails Sent: 1829

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The definitive guide to condenser types, common problems, and maintenance solutions from the HVAC Know It All team.

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22 May, 2025

The heart of every refrigeration and AC system is the condenser, yet it often doesn't get the respect it deserves!

This week we're diving into the world of condensers - the critical heat dissipaters that keep your systems running efficiently. Without a properly functioning condenser, refrigerant can't release its heat, pressures skyrocket, and efficiency plummets.

I've spent countless hours working with various condenser types throughout my career - from the simple natural convection types on your home fridge to massive industrial evaporative condensers in ammonia systems. One thing remains constant: proper maintenance and understanding of condensers is essential for system longevity.

Whether you're working on residential split systems, commercial package units, or industrial refrigeration racks, the condenser's job remains the same - to reject heat.

But the way they accomplish this varies widely depending on design and application.

Check out our featured article below that breaks down the different condenser types, how they function, and the critical maintenance steps you need to follow to keep them operating at peak performance.

-Gary

** ❄️ FEATURED: REFRIGERATION & AC CONDENSERS

Condensers play a crucial role in the refrigeration cycle by rejecting both the heat absorbed in the evaporator and the heat gained during compression. We explore the three primary functions of condensers:

De-superheating: Cooling superheated vapor to saturation temperature
Condensation: Changing refrigerant from vapor to liquid
Subcooling: Further cooling liquid refrigerant below condensing temperature

The article covers various condenser types including air-cooled (natural and forced convection), water-cooled (coaxial, plate, and shell-and-tube), and specialized types like evaporative, adiabatic, and glycol-cooled condensers.

We also examine modern advancements like microchannel technology and proper control strategies for maintaining optimal performance in varying conditions. https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/refrigeration-ac-condensers-the-critical-heat-dissipaters-in-hvac-systems

** ✅ YOUR CONDENSER MAINTENANCE CHECKLIST

Air-Cooled Condenser Maintenance:

Turn off power to the unit and lock out/tag out before beginning maintenance
Remove debris from around and inside condenser cabinet
Clean condenser coils using appropriate cleaner
Use a fin comb to straighten bent condenser fins
Check for signs of refrigerant leaks (oil spots, bubbling, hissing sounds)
Inspect fan blades for damage and proper operation
Verify proper refrigerant charge through subcooling measurement
Check electrical connections for tightness
Test capacitors and contactors for proper operation
Ensure proper head pressure control operation for low ambient conditions

Water-Cooled Condenser Maintenance:

Inspect water piping for leaks
Check water flow rate and temperature differential
Clean strainers and filters in the water circuit
Test water quality (pH, hardness, biological growth)
Inspect for scale buildup or fouling inside tubes
Check water regulating valve operation
Verify proper refrigerant charge

Evaporative Condenser Maintenance:

Clean spray nozzles and check for even water distribution
Inspect and clean sump basin
Check water treatment system and chemical levels
Inspect drift eliminators for proper function
Check fan belts for proper tension and wear
Lubricate bearings according to manufacturer specifications
Check bleed rate and adjust if necessary

Common Problems to Watch For:

High head pressure due to dirty coils or poor airflow
Refrigerant leaks or system overcharge
Non-condensable gases contaminating the refrigerant
Water treatment problems in water-cooled systems
Control system malfunctions affecting condenser operation

💡 Read The Article (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/refrigeration-ac-condensers-the-critical-heat-dissipaters-in-hvac-systems)

📝 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Think you know your stuff when it comes to condensers and refrigeration systems? Put your skills to the test with our latest HVAC KIA Challenge Quiz!

Remember, you must be subscribed to participate. Even if you've missed previous challenges, you can still catch up and qualify for both quarterly prizes and the grand year-end reward. Visit the HVAC Know It All Challenge web page to complete this and all previous quizzes.

Hint: Look for the 💡 emoji in this email to answer the questions! https://survey.tealmaker.com/zs/E7DASw

We're excited to offer the cutting-edge Testo 558s Smart Digital Manifold to this quarter's winner!

Your Season 1 Score: |S1SCORE| Visit The Leaderboard (https://hvacknowitall.com/the-know-it-all-challenge)

** 📕 KNOW IT ALL… ON OUR OTHER PLATFORMS

📽️ On YouTube:

Maintain Discharge Pressure With Condenser Flood Back (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Iwl3EDwNdU) - Learn how to handle low ambient conditions that can cause issues with condenser performance

Charging And Troubleshooting Air Conditioning In Low Ambient Conditions (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQu_-_uXqFA) - Essential techniques for working with condenser systems in challenging weather

The Refrigeration Cycle Explained (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfciSvOZDUY) - Gary's comprehensive explanation of how condensers fit into the refrigeration cycle

🎙️ On the Podcast:

Refrigerant Charging Procedures with Craig Migliaccio (https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hvacknowitall/episodes/Refrigerant-Charging-Procedures-wCraig-Migliaccio-e28h508) - Expert guidance on proper charging techniques for optimal condenser performance

Supermarket Rack Refrigeration with Mario V. Gomez (https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hvacknowitall/episodes/Supermarket-Rack-Refrigeration-wMario-V--Gomez-e354du) - Insights into commercial refrigeration systems and their specialized condensers

Chiller Maintenance with Brandi Ferenc (https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hvacknowitall/episodes/Chiller-Maintenance-wBrandi-Ferenc-e429gs) - Learn about maintaining water-cooled systems for peak efficiency

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ID: f6cfa28f82

Title: Stop Your Compressor from Short Cycling with Hot Gas Bypass

Type: email_campaign

Send Date: 2025-05-08T17:57:19+00:00

From: HVAC Know It All

Reply To: gary@hvacknowitall.com

Archive URL: https://mailchi.mp/852f0743d1bc/moisture-matters-your-guide-to-driers-sight-glasses-13873956

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Complete troubleshooting checklist inside, plus our monthly quiz with valuable prizes...

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8 May, 2025

** 💨 WHY DO WE SUPPLY HOT GAS TO INTO THE EVAPORATOR?

Some of you may not be fully aware of a hot gas bypass valve's existence, some of you have heard of them, but may not know how they work or why they're installed, and then some of you are complete experts on the subject.

Check out this video explanation: https://youtu.be/LZMKVGm1ViY?si=f76ZktsNpw5S3fsg

Let's get one thing straight here, hot gas bypass valves are used strictly in low load conditions.

What is low load?

Low load in the simplest terms is when the evaporator doesn't have much work to do. For instance, return air at 70°F could be considered low load for air conditioning applications and 80°F return air would be considered high load.

The hot gas bypass valve is piped into a tee off the discharge line. When the valve opens, it feeds hot gas directly into the inlet of the evaporator, in between the metering device and evaporator inlet. It introduces a false load to the evaporator which raises the evaporator temperature. Illustration of the hot gas bypass valve in action.

But why introduce a false load?

The reason we introduce a false load is to keep the compressor from short cycling; it's better for mechanical equipment to avoid unneeded stops and starts. In some applications you'll see part loads or varying loads within the same space, this is also true for refrigeration as well as air conditioning. So in order to combat part loads in low load conditions, we introduce hot gas into the evaporator to keep the equipment running rather than shutting down.

Learn more about hot gas bypass valves in this week's featured article. 💡 Read The Article (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/the-hot-gas-bypass-valve-explained)

** 🔥 HEAT PROTECTION THAT WORKS AS HARD AS YOU DO

https://www.refrigtech.com/wetrag/

Proper hot gas bypass valve installation requires protecting sensitive components from brazing heat.

Refrigeration Technologies' Viper WETRAG is the professional's choice for thermal protection – just mold the reusable putty around valves before applying heat to prevent damage and ensure reliable operation. https://www.refrigtech.com/wetrag/

** ✅ HOT GAS BYPASS VALVE CHECKLIST

Installation & Component Verification

Confirm proper installation between discharge line and evaporator inlet
Verify presence and condition of equalization line to suction line
Check valve setting matches manufacturer specifications (typically 58-61 psig for R-22)
Inspect for physical damage or refrigerant leaks at connections

System Condition Assessment

Verify correct refrigerant charge and adequate evaporator airflow
Check condenser operation and head pressure (low head pressure prevents proper bypass function)
Confirm metering device (TXV/fixed orifice) is operating correctly
Inspect hot gas and equalization lines for restrictions or blockages

Operational Testing

Measure suction pressure during operation (should maintain minimum setpoint)
Check bypass line temperature during low load conditions (should be warm/hot)
Monitor compressor operation (should run continuously without short cycling)
Observe system performance during transitions between normal and low load

Adjustment Procedure

Run system under low load conditions and monitor evaporator temperature
When approaching desired minimum temperature (typically 32-35°F):
Remove valve cap and use appropriate Allen wrench
Turn clockwise to increase opening point, counterclockwise to decrease
Make small adjustments (¼ turn) and allow system to stabilize
Verify valve maintains desired minimum evaporator temperature

Troubleshooting Common Issues

System short cycling: Check valve opening point and capacity for system size
Evaporator freezing: Adjust valve setting higher, check for hot gas line restrictions
Poor cooling performance: Verify valve isn't active/leaking during high load conditions
Unresponsive valve: Inspect for damaged power element, stuck parts, or blocked equalization line

Maintenance & Performance Verification

Periodically verify pressure settings remain consistent with specifications
Check that system maintains proper evaporator temperature in low load conditions
Ensure compressor runs continuously without short cycling during bypass operation
Document all settings and adjustments for future reference

Remember: Hot gas bypass valves are specifically for low load conditions to prevent compressor short cycling and evaporator freezing. Proper adjustment is critical for balancing system protection and energy efficiency.

** 📝 TEST YOUR HOT GAS BYPASS KNOWLEDGE!

https://survey.tealmaker.com/zs/Y1D9vn

The HVAC Know It All Challenge continues with our hot gas bypass valve quiz! This month's quiz (S2E2) tests your understanding of bypass systems and valve operation—knowledge every top technician should master. Complete the quiz for your chance to win a Testo 558s Smart Digital Manifold in our July 1st quarterly prize draw.

Remember, you must be subscribed to participate, and look through this newsletter for hints to help you ace the quiz! Even if you've missed previous challenges, you can still catch up and qualify for both quarterly prizes and the grand year-end reward. Visit the HVAC Know It All Challenge web page to complete this and all previous quizzes.

Hint: Look for the 💡 emoji in this email to answer the questions! Take S2E2 Quiz (https://survey.tealmaker.com/zs/Y1D9vn)

Your Season 1 Score: |S1SCORE| Visit The Leaderboard (https://hvacknowitall.com/the-know-it-all-challenge)

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Title: 💧 Moisture Matters: Your Guide to Driers & Sight Glasses

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3 April, 2025

Well, it's pretty much a given that all systems must have a liquid line filter drier installed, the only exception to this I know of is some VRF manufacturers don't want them on their systems. I asked this question on social media once as to why, and the answers were not all the same. But we'll save that for a different time.

Filter driers effectively filter out system debris like copper shavings and copper oxide for those naughty techs that refuse to nitrogen braze. They also capture moisture that may be circulating within the system. Filter driers should go hand in hand with a proper evacuation.

Note: Filter driers are installed to complement best practices. Avoiding nitrogen brazing because the system has a filter drier is not acceptable.

Filter driers can also be installed on the suction side of the system after a compressor burn out, for example. The purpose here is to clean up any debris or acid so it does not continue to circulate. It's been stated by many manufacturers that it is a good idea to remove the suction drier once clean up has been completed.

Sight glasses are a window into a system. You'll find sight glasses mostly on the liquid line downstream of the liquid line filter drier, but you'll also find them on receivers as well from time to time.

I personally love sight glasses, especially when the system has a receiver. On systems that utilize a receiver, a full sight glass of refrigerant tells us our receiver is supplying enough liquid to our liquid line.

A flashing sight glass can indicate a plugged drier or low system charge as well. Although, sometimes a sight glass can bubble under normal operation, like when a hot gas bypass opens to feed an evaporator under low load.

It's also not advisable to rely on the sight glass solely as a troubleshooting tool. Test tools must be utilized to troubleshoot the issue properly.

-Gary

** DRIERS & SIGHT GLASSES

By Julian Finbow https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/driers-and-sight-glasses

If you could see into a Refrigeration System…

Oh wait, you can. Sight glasses are a great Accessory Component commonly installed on AC & Refrigeration Systems, which afford a view inside of the system. They come in different construction forms and can be utilized to see oil, refrigerant, or both. Some sight glasses also have a built-in moisture indicator.

Filter-Driers have both a strainer/filter element to catch particles and a desiccant element to absorb moisture. There are different types of desiccants available for different applications. I mean, beef jerky and shoes both come with desiccant in their packaging, but this is refrigerant-grade stuff! Driers can also be the throw-away style as shown below, or the replaceable core type as shown in the image above. https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/driers-and-sight-glasses

A common location for a drier/sight glass combo is in the Liquid Line. This allows the filter-drier to filter the system ahead of the metering device, and also absorb H2O in the liquid state (not frozen like potential H2O in a lower-temp Suction Line). The sight glass being right after this affords a view of potential "bubbles," which could indicate the filter-drier is plugged up. https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/driers-and-sight-glasses

Getting comfortable with these two Accessory Components is valuable for Techs to perform checks/maintenance on a system, and also change, remove, or add these components during service work or a retrofit.

Check out the full article below to learn more! Read The Article 💡 (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/driers-and-sight-glasses)

** ✅ QUICK REFERENCE: DRIERS & SIGHT GLASSES

✓ Always install a liquid line filter drier on new installations (except where manufacturer specifies otherwise)

✓ Replace the filter drier when opening a system for service or repair

✓ Position the sight glass downstream of the filter drier to monitor its performance

✓ Check sight glass moisture indicators regularly - blue indicates dry conditions, while yellow/green shows moisture

✓ Remember that bubbles in a sight glass can indicate either low refrigerant charge or a restricted filter drier

✓ Install suction line filter driers after compressor burnouts to capture contaminants

✓ Remove temporary suction driers once cleanup is complete (typically after 24-48 hours of operation)

✓ Consider installing a filter drier with larger capacity for systems with known contamination issues

✓ Verify the filter drier is compatible with the system's refrigerant type

✓ Always purge with nitrogen during brazing to prevent oxidation and contamination

** VIPER CONDENSER CLEANER

https://www.refrigtech.com/venom-pack-condenser/ Learn More (https://www.refrigtech.com/venom-pack-condenser/) https://youtu.be/0WJOsbgYoUs

Not all coil cleaners are made the same. Refrigeration Technologies Condenser Cleaner is micro channel safe as it is not acidic, it measures between 8 to 10 on the PH scale making it an alkaline mixture.

Tap water is corrosive to aluminum, that's why John Pastorello has added an inhibitor to prevent corrosion after the coil is rinsed.

** WELCOME TO SEASON 2!

We've just wrapped up Season 1 of the HVAC Know It All Challenge, and we're excited to announce that the winner will be revealed in our next newsletter! If you haven't had a chance to take the S01 quizzes yet, don't worry – they're still available. Taking them now will improve your rankings on the leaderboard and keep you in the running for the annual grand prize.

Get ready for Season 2, where the prize is a brand new Testo 558s digital manifold! The first quiz of S02 will test your knowledge on filter driers and sight glasses based on the content from this email - remember to look for 💡!

Stay tuned for the S02 quiz announcement, and congratulations again to all our S01 participants!

https://hvacknowitall.com/the-know-it-all-challenge Take S2E1 Quiz (https://survey.tealmaker.com/zs/OJCY0j)

Your Season 1 Score: |S1SCORE|

** YOUTUBE VS REALITY

Ever fixed a system that looked like a crime scene after a homeowner's DIY attempt? We're collecting cautionary tales for a featured blog article and podcast.

Take the quick 5-minute survey. https://survey.tealmaker.com/zs/umCYmV Begin Survey (https://survey.tealmaker.com/zs/umCYmV)

** FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK

https://hvacknowitall.com

Arr! The moisture indicator turns yellow much like a pirate's ancient map changes color when held over a flame—both revealing hidden truths that only the initiated can decipher.

Nitrogen purging is to brazing what keeping gunpowder dry was to a pirate ship—an unglamorous precaution that seems tedious until the moment it prevents a catastrophic failure. This newsletter aims to be your crow's nest view of industry best practices, spotting problems long before they're close enough to board.

-Ben Reed (marooned on Grammar Island)

P.S. Found treasure in your technical adventures? Share your map with fellow voyagers by contributing to our next issue.

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Title: ⚠️ Why OEMs Don't Trust Techs with Charging (And How to Prove Them Wrong)

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6 March, 2025

Welcome back everyone!

It's true, a packaged rooftop or pre-charged condensing unit or even an outdoor heat pump unit all come pre-charged, that's the easy part.

But if you read the manual of most pre-charged split systems, you'll notice that the pre-charge is normally only good for a particular line set length. After that, you'll need to add additional refrigerant to ensure optimal performance.

Some split systems in the commercial world don't come pre-charged at all; the charge must be added after installation. Then there's in-field repairs after a leak repair or compressor change.

This newsletter focuses on system charging. Julian Finbow has been kind enough to put together a nice article on this subject.

What about low ambient charging? Sometimes we need to add refrigerant when it's cold outside (cold is a relative term, right 😉). But in all seriousness, when outdoor weather conditions are not desirable for charging, we still must complete the job.

On this recent episode of the HVAC Know It All podcast with Jim Bergman, Jim and I discuss low ambient charging and the use of a charging blanket.

-Gary

P.S. Don’t forget to take Quiz #4 of the Know It All Challenge and our DIY HVAC Survey! You can find the links below. https://open.spotify.com/episode/4pzMjZjOdKusmug1CjPo6h?si=UE9TEXggTbKoB1Of-TZrXQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eti9KI7Iyac

** HOW MUCH DO YOU CHARGE?

By Julian Finbow https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/charging-refrigeration-systems

Well, that's up for debate. Wait, are we talking rates or refrigerant?

Oh, well for refrigerant charge, there are many ways to determine this! This is easy. Do we have an Orifice Metering Device? Does the unit employ a High Pressure Receiver? Is the Condensing Unit outside in a climate with fluctuating ambient temperatures? I digress...

Charging refrigerant (like anything else) has some different considerations depending on the scenario. You don't want to be the "Winter Charge" guy, who comes back to remove this refrigerant to adjust to the "Summer Charge"...if they would only have put a Receiver in...

Ensuring the correct amount of refrigerant is installed in your HVAC/R unit is paramount to its efficient and reliable operation. Depending on the application, there are relatively straightforward ways of determining and/or calculating this. https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/charging-refrigeration-systems

A "big deal" nowadays with transferring refrigerant is the new tools and updated practices of their use. Things like avoiding the use of long hoses, and/or refrigerant manifolds altogether when charging is a huge revelation in the HVAC/R industry. Considering this concept 10-20 years ago would have some (crusty) mechanic's heads spinning! However, using manifold gauges is still an awesome and effective way to charge. https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/charging-refrigeration-systems

So, what do you charge? From learning to forgetting, to experiencing this commissioning practice on all different types of units, it depends! A refrigerant scale is almost always a must, whichever application you are working in. Once you figure out if you are charging to subcooling, superheat, weight, or another metric, you just put the gas in!

Happy charging, everyone! Read The Article (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/charging-refrigeration-systems)

** ✅ QUICK REFERENCE: CHARGING IT RIGHT

✓ Verify system has been leak-tested and properly evacuated (500 microns minimum)

✓ Confirm proper airflow through the indoor coil before charging

✓ Record indoor/outdoor ambient conditions for accurate charging calculations

✓ Minimize hose lengths and consider direct charging to reduce refrigerant loss

✓ Position refrigerant cylinder correctly (upright for vapor, inverted for liquid)

✓ For TXV/EXV systems: Charge to proper subcooling

✓ For fixed orifice/capillary tube: Charge to proper superheat

✓ Allow system to stabilize for 15+ minutes before taking final measurements

✓ Always adjust pre-charged split systems based on actual line set length

✓ Document final charge amount on both service ticket and equipment tag

** 💡 TECH TIP: LESS IS MORE!

https://navacglobal.com/products-by-category/manifold-gauges/

Modern Digital Pressure Temperature Apps for your smartphone are great, but this feature being built into your gauges is better!

💡 Navac's Manifold Gauges (https://navacglobal.com/products-by-category/manifold-gauges/) are functional and robust, and their Digital Gauges allow you to focus on your system more closely while utilizing the built-in Pressure Temperature features on their gauges for nearly any refrigerant.

** "OnLy UsE WaTeR"

https://www.refrigtech.com/venom-pack-condenser/ Learn More (https://www.refrigtech.com/venom-pack-condenser/)

Have you ever seen the above statement written on a piece of equipment in reference to cleaning the condenser coil?

According to Refrigeration Technologies CEO John Pastorello, tap water alone can be corrosive to aluminum fins. Refrigeration Technologies coil cleaners (besides the Brightener) are alkaline, non-acidic, with a pH balance between 8-10. They also use corrosion inhibitors, the reason for this: the rinse.

Due to tap water being corrosive, the corrosion inhibitor prevents water corrosion of the coil after the coil cleaner has been rinsed off. I bet most of you didn't know this; I didn't until about 2 weeks ago.

Fill your local OEM in on this and watch their head explode!

Subscribe to the HVAC Know It All podcast for the upcoming 2-part series with John on this topic.

** NOW THAT WE KNOW…

Our newest quiz tackles the science and art of proper refrigerant charging - from evacuation to final measurements. But beware: even seasoned techs might miss a question or two!

Look for the 💡 hint in this newsletter article to gain an edge on the questions.

Can you top the leaderboard and win these new Navac probes? We’ll be tallying scores on April 1st to decide the winner! This quarter’s 5th and final quiz will be released on March 20th.

Haven't completed the previous quizzes? There's still time to catch up on our website and enter the running for the grand prize.

Your Current Score: |S1SCORE| https://hvacknowitall.com/the-know-it-all-challenge Take Quiz #4 (https://survey.tealmaker.com/zs/xfC4U5)

** DIY HVAC paying your bills?

Share your best DIY cleanup stories in our 5-minute survey.

Gary's building a case file of preventable disasters to show exactly why our trade requires actual training, not just watching YouTube videos. https://survey.tealmaker.com/zs/OrC4I0 Begin Survey (https://survey.tealmaker.com/zs/OrC4I0)

** From the Editor's Desk

https://hvacknowitall.com

If refrigerant charging were like cooking, I'd be the guy who burns microwave popcorn. Yet somehow I get to edit newsletters for professionals who balance complex systems to fractions of an ounce.

The irony isn't lost on me, but that's what makes this community great—we all contribute what we can. You keep systems running efficiently; I'll keep commas in their proper places.

-Ben Reed (the editor who measures words better than refrigerant)

P.S. Know something the community needs to hear? Reach out about contributing. Your expertise deserves the spotlight.

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8 February, 2025 https://hvacknowitall.com

The AHR Expo is upon us! Every year, the buzz creates a little FOMO (fear of missing out) for many HVAC and Refrigeration professionals around North America.

This year, I get to live vicariously through Ben Reed, the editor of this newsletter. Ben will explore manufacturer booths for the purpose of content creation.

For those of you missing out on the show, Ben and I will be releasing videos over the next 6 weeks or so, directly from the show floor.

For those of you heading down (or up) to Orlando, enjoy the camaraderie and all the education the show has to offer.

Make sure to sign up for the newly revamped and free HVAC Know It All app. Use the app for help with a field-related issue or share some wisdom with your colleagues.

-Gary

** Level Up With The HVAC Know It All App!

We've transformed the HVAC Know It All App into your go-to professional resource hub. Here's what you get:

One streamlined news feed curated by working techs
Virtual Trade Show featuring honest tool reviews
Direct access to Jennifer Manzo's tech support line (100% success rate!)
Connect with techs who actually know their stuff
Share field experiences without the social media drama
Build relationships with industry veterans
Regular updates on emerging tech and techniques

And it’s now free to use. Download The App (https://bluecollarguru.disciplemedia.com/signup) https://bluecollarguru.disciplemedia.com/signup

** 📱 Featured Article: Commercial HVAC Retrofits - A Field Reference

https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/hvac-retrofits-a-guide-to-commercial-system-upgrades

Our latest blog post dives into the world of commercial HVAC retrofits. Here’s what you’ll learn in the article:

The difference between replacement and retrofit
Why retrofits are chosen over full system replacement
Key planning considerations for success

** Quick Tips for New Technicians:

Always document existing system parameters before any modifications
Understanding pressure relationships is crucial
Safety protocols are non-negotiable during retrofits
Learn to read and interpret existing system documentation

Read Julian’s Article (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/hvac-retrofits-a-guide-to-commercial-system-upgrades)

** 🎯 Are you on the Know It All Challenge Leaderboard?

Over 40 techs have already joined the race for this quarter's exclusive prize - an unreleased Navac probe set that won't hit the market until March!

Missed the first quiz? You can still find the link on the website.

Don't let others get too far ahead...

https://hvacknowitall.com/the-know-it-all-challenge See Results (https://hvacknowitall.com/the-know-it-all-challenge)

** Know It All... On Our Other Channels

** 🎙️ From the Podcast: Not Your Grandpa’s Heat Pump

In Part 1 of Gary's conversation with David Rames (Senior Product Manager, Midea America), they tackle the biggest myths about modern heat pumps. Think heat pumps can't handle extreme cold? Too complex to maintain? David brings years of product expertise to bust these misconceptions.Listen on Spotify 💡 (https://open.spotify.com/episode/7pF6mF6N9xYj7iWoTFgqjh)

** 📱 On Instagram: Gary’s Most Valuable Tools?

Watch Gary’s a demo of one of his most valuable tools in action. See on Instagram Now (https://www.instagram.com/hvacknowitall1/reel/Cqlsju_vey6/)

** 🎥 From YouTube: ClearDrain PVC

Discover ClearDrain PVC, RectorSeal's innovative biocide-free solution that's changing the game in condensate drain maintenance with its white slime-reducing and UV-resistant properties. Join us for a quick overview of this complete drain system solution, and stay tuned for Ben Reed's in-depth coverage from RectorSeal's booth at the AHR Expo in Orlando. Watch Now (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtQRNqBlBBA)

** From the Editor's Desk

While I’ve been to AHR a few times, this is the first time I’m running around solo with a press pass! It’ll be a busy 3 days, closing out with a livestream from the podcast pavilion. Between capturing content, I’ll try to post a few real-time updates in the HVAC Know It All app.

If you see me on the trade show floor (wearing a HVAC Know It All shirt and hat) say hi!

-Ben Reed (the editor)

P.S. Have expertise you'd like to share with the HVAC Know It All community? Drop me a line - we're always looking for knowledgeable contributors who can help techs succeed.

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VIEW THIS EMAIL IN BROWSER (|ARCHIVE|) Welcome to the third edition of the HVAC Know It All Newsletter

14 November, 2024

** What is Non-Invasive System Testing?

While you may have heard of Non-Invasive System Testing (NIST) or “non-invasive checks”, implementing it into daily service practices requires a significant shift in diagnostic methodology. By utilizing temperature sensors, airflow measurements, and diagnostic algorithms, technicians can accurately evaluate system performance without accessing the refrigerant circuit. This approach not only preserves system integrity but also dramatically reduces diagnostic time while improving accuracy. If you want to advance your diagnostic skills, NIST offers a practical path forward that aligns with both best practices and modern environmental standards. https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/a-technicians-guide-to-non-invasive-system-testing Read The Blog Post (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/a-technicians-guide-to-non-invasive-system-testing)

Traditional gauge-based diagnostics is far from optimal: even when using EPA low-loss fittings and following best practices, systems typically lose approximately 5% of their refrigerant charge during routine service connections. Beyond immediate refrigerant loss, each system access point creates an opportunity for introducing non-condensables, moisture, and contaminants that can lead to acid formation and restrictions. These cumulative effects not only impact system performance but also contribute significantly to environmental concerns, as common refrigerants like R-410A have global warming potentials over 2,000 times that of CO2. NIST methodology effectively addresses these challenges while providing equal or superior diagnostic capabilities.

The transition to NIST is becoming increasingly important as regulatory requirements evolve. California's Refrigerant Management Program (RMP) is pursuing comprehensive requirements for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from stationary sources through refrigerant leak detection, monitoring, and repair. They’re targeting a 40% reduction in statewide HFC emissions below 2013 levels by 2030. To reach these targets, they’re embracing a new NIST methodology outlined in a recent Lifecycle Refrigerant Management document, which pairs precision temperature measurements and sophisticated diagnostic software. As manufacturers continue developing more advanced sensors and diagnostic platforms, NIST capabilities will only expand to better serve these environmental goals.

Want to learn more? Jennifer Manzo (https://www.instagram.com/hvachicksjennifer/) of HVAChicks Coalition (https://euphonious-fairy-424b37.netlify.app/) recently published an in-depth article on The HVAC Know It All Blog (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/a-technicians-guide-to-non-invasive-system-testing) . She covers the three different methods of NIST, and walks you through the math in a step-by-step example. https://www.instagram.com/p/Civ7TspLkaO/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==

** For more roasting during heating season…

** Follow On Insta. (https://www.instagram.com/hvacknowitall1/)

** Jim & Gary talk NIST on the HVAC Know It All Podcast

https://open.spotify.com/episode/24iGm6IT2AsFom938botws?si=q-gen5yCQQ6JNwB4-lEB-g

In a previous podcast, Gary interviews Jim Bergmann on how measureQuick’s “benchmarking” NIST technique uses temperature readings and smart diagnostics to assess system performance, eliminating the need to access the refrigerant circuit. Jim reminds us, "Digital tools don't make you a better technician; they help you become one."

** What’s in Gary’s Tool Bag?

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLir9p_Ay7QNKs5chmTuvkZ81mio1ncpcn&si=ww-w-7yvQ9d8oTGE

Even when following proper NIST practices, you should always have accurate and well-maintained gauges or probes in your tool bag. If you’re curious about what tools Gary uses, you can find his full playlist of tool reviews on YouTube. https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/the-refrigeration-cycle-explained Read More (https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/the-refrigeration-cycle-explained)

** Tech Tip: The Refrigerant Cycle

Before jumping to conclusions about refrigerant charge levels, remember that a frozen evaporator coil can occur for multiple reasons - even in a properly charged system. While low charge is a common culprit, restricted airflow due to dirty filters or ductwork issues can cause freezing by reducing the amount of available heat for absorption. Similarly, liquid line restrictions from a clogged filter drier (indicated by a 2°F or greater temperature drop across the drier) can create abnormal pressure drops that lead to freezing. The key is to allow the coil to completely thaw before attempting diagnosis, as a frozen coil will always present with low pressure and temperature readings regardless of the root cause. This is another reason why NIST methods are valuable - they help technicians evaluate system performance through multiple data points rather than relying solely on refrigerant-side measurements.

** What Do You Want To know?

What HVAC diagnostic challenges keep you up at night? Reply to this newsletter with your feedback, and let us know what technical content you'd like to see covered in future newsletters.

-Ben Reed (the editor) https://open.spotify.com/show/6LCBJGw0EHG03rdWHxUMce https://www.instagram.com/hvacknowitall1/?hl=en https://www.youtube.com/c/HVACKnowItAll https://www.facebook.com/hvacknowitall/ https://x.com/hvacknowitall?lang=en https://www.linkedin.com/in/gary-mccreadie-38217a77/

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